RT Book, Section A1 Wickiser, Jonathan E. A2 Tenenbein, Milton A2 Macias, Charles G. A2 Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 Yamamoto, Loren G. A2 Schafermeyer, Robert SR Print(0) ID 1155748284 T1 Oncologic Emergencies T2 Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5e YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259860751 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155748284 RD 2024/03/29 AB Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood and may present with a variety of symptoms including fever, fatigue, bleeding, adenopathy, or bone pain.Most oncologic emergencies arise from metabolic, hematologic, structural, or toxic chemotherapy effects.Findings associated with inflammation may be absent in the immunocompromised patient, with fever potentially the only sign of serious infection. However, immunocompromised patients may have serious infections without the presence of fever.Infection may progress rapidly in the immunocompromised host; evaluation and initiation of antibiotic therapy must be done urgently.Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) results from the death of tumor cells and release of their intracellular contents leading to hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia.Mediastinal compression from tumor may result in superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) or superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS), resulting in an airway emergency.