RT Book, Section
A1 Vella, Adam E.
A2 Tintinalli, Judith E.
A2 Ma, O. John
A2 Yealy, Donald M.
A2 Meckler, Garth D.
A2 Stapczynski, J. Stephan
A2 Cline, David M.
A2 Thomas, Stephen H.
SR Print(0)
ID 1166596486
T1 Diabetes in Children
T2 Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260019933
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166596486
RD 2024/04/23
AB Diabetes  is  subclassified  into  type  1  and  type  2.  Type  1  diabetes,  previously  referred  to  as  insulin-dependent  diabetes  mellitus  or  juvenile-onset  diabetes  because  of  its  earlier  onset,  is  characterized  by  an  abrupt  and  frequently  complete  decline  in  insulin  production.  Type  2  diabetes,  formerly  referred  to  as  non–insulin-dependent  diabetes  mellitus  or  adult-onset  diabetes,  is  marked  by  increasing  insulin  resistance  and  most  commonly  occurs  in  the  overweight  adult  or  adolescent;  there  is  a  strong  genetic  tendency  toward  the  disease.  Gestational  diabetes  can  affect  pregnant  teens  as  well  as  the  infants  of  diabetic  mothers.  There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  prevalence  of  type  1  diabetes  of  21%  between  2001  and  2009  and  an  increase  of  31%  in  type  2  diabetes  in  the  same  time  period.1  While  the  cause  of  the  increase  in  type  1  diabetes  is  unknown,  some  experts  suggest  that  the  increasing  prevalence  of  type  2  diabetes  may  be  a  result  of  minority  population  growth,  obesity,  exposure  to  diabetes  in  utero,  and  perhaps  endocrine-disrupting  chemicals.1  Diabetes  is  the  most  common  pediatric  endocrine  disorder,  with  an  estimated  prevalence  of  1  in  400.  As  many  as  34%  of  children  with  new-onset  type  1  diabetes  present  in  diabetic  ketoacidosis  (DKA).2  In  children  with  known  diabetes,  DKA  is  much  less  common  and  tends  to  be  clustered  in  a  small  subset  of  patients,  with  5%  of  children  with  diabetes  accounting  for  nearly  60%  of  DKA  episodes.3  DKA  is  the  leading  cause  of  mortality  in  patients  with  diabetes  <24  years  of  age,  and  cerebral  edema  is  the  leading  cause  of  mortality  in  DKA.4