RT Book, Section
A1 Singh, Manpreet
A1 Whitfield, Denise
A2 Knoop, Kevin J.
A2 Stack, Lawrence B.
A2 Storrow, Alan B.
A2 Thurman, R. Jason
SR Print(0)
ID 1181038295
T1 Leukocoria/Cataract
T2 The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw-Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260134940
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181038295
RD 2024/04/23
AB Leukocoria  is  an  abnormal  white  pupillary  reflex  and  one  of  the  primary  signs  of  retinoblastoma  in  a  child,  usually  less  than  3  years  old.  The  “white  pupil”  is  often  noticed  in  photographs  using  a  flash.  Strabismus  may  also  be  a  presenting  sign.  Metastatic  disease  usually  occurs  within  12  months  of  presentation,  so  prompt  treatment  is  important.  Survival  with  timely  diagnosis  and  treatment  is  greater  than  95%.  A  more  common  cause  of  leukocoria  are  cataracts,  which  form  as  a  slow  clouding  of  the  lens  due  to  various  etiologies,  leading  to  decrease  in  vision.  They  account  for  much  of  blindness  worldwide,  as  well  as  one-third  of  visual  impairment.  Symptoms  can  vary  and  include  blurry  vision,  faded  colors,  double  vision,  halos  around  lights,  and  difficulty  with  bright  lights  or  seeing  at  night.  The  poor  vision  leads  to  increased  risk  of  falling  and  depression.  Etiologies  of  cataracts  include  aging  (most  common),  trauma,  radiation  exposure,  neonatal,  genetics,  iatrogenic,  or  following  eye  surgery.  Most  cataracts  are  diagnosed  based  on  comprehensive  eye  exam,  where  slit  lamp  plays  a  key  role.