RT Book, Section
A1 Beck, Paul W.
A2 Cline, David M.
A2 Ma, O. John
A2 Cydulka, Rita K.
A2 Meckler, Garth D.
A2 Handel, Daniel A.
A2 Thomas, Stephen H.
SR Print(0)
ID 56273774
T1 Chapter 64. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
T2 Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 7e
YR 2012
FD 2012
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-178184-8
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56273774
RD 2024/04/23
AB Pelvic  inflammatory  disease  (PID)  comprises  a  spectrum  of  infections  of  the  female  upper  reproductive  tract.  Most  cases  originate  as  lower  genital  tract  infections  that  ascend  to  cause  salpingitis,  endometritis,  myometritis,  parametritis,  tubo-ovarian  abscess  (TOA),  perihepatitis,  or  focal  pelvic  peritonitis.  Neisseria  gonorrhea  or  Chlamydia  trachomatis  are  common  pathogens;  however,  30%  to  40%  of  infections  are  polymicrobial.  Risk  factors  include  multiple  sexual  partners,  sexual  abuse,  adolescence,  presence  of  other  sexually  transmitted  diseases,  douching,  lack  of  condom  use,  delay  in  seeking  care,  and  intrauterine  device  use.  PID  occurs  less  commonly  in  pregnancy,  but  first  trimester  infections  can  lead  to  fetal  loss.  Long-term  sequelae  include  ectopic  pregnancy,  infertility,  and  chronic  pain.