RT Book, Section A1 Lee, Grace S. A1 Honiden, Shyoko A2 Farcy, David A. A2 Chiu, William C. A2 Flaxman, Alex A2 Marshall, John P. SR Print(0) ID 55813831 T1 Chapter 31. Hyperglycemic Emergency T2 Critical Care Emergency Medicine YR 2012 FD 2012 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-162824-2 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55813831 RD 2024/10/04 AB Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) encompass two severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The incidence is increasing in the United States, with 120,000 hospitalizations for DKA in 2005, which was a 20% increase compared with 2000.1 Of the hospitalizations for DKA in 2005, 72% were 44 years old or younger, 21% were between 45 and 64 years old, and <1% were 65 years old or older.1 Although the rate of hospitalizations for DKA continues to rise, mortality from DKA has been declining, and in 2005 mortality was 0.8 deaths per 100,000.1 HHS, on the other hand, has a lower rate of hospitalization but a higher mortality at a rate of 5–20%.2,3 The cost of DKA is profound and the aggregate cost of its hospitalizations is approximately $850 million.4