RT Book, Section
A1 DeRoos Francis, Jerome
A2 Hoffman, Robert S.
A2 Howland, Mary Ann
A2 Lewin, Neal A.
A2 Nelson, Lewis S.
A2 Goldfrank, Lewis R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1108431096
T1 Miscellaneous Antihypertensives and Pharmacologically Related Agents
T2 Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071801843
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1108431096
RD 2024/04/20
AB Hypertension  is  one  of  the  commonest  chronic  medical  problems  and  one  of  the  most  readily  amenable  to  pharmacotherapy.  Beginning  in  the  1960s,  when  asymptomatic  hypertension  was  linked  to  significant  adverse  effects  such  as  stroke,  myocardial  infarction,  and  sudden  death,  antihypertensive  pharmacotherapeutics  began  being  used.  The  first  generation  included  centrally  acting,  sympatholytics,  direct  vasodilators,  sodium  nitroprusside,  and  diuretics.  Unfortunately,  these  often  had  significant  adverse  events,  leading  to  the  development  of  β-adrenergic  antagonists,  calcium  channel  blockers  (CCBs),  angiotensin-converting  enzyme  inhibitors  (ACEIs),  angiotensin  receptor  blockers  (ARBs),  and,  more  recently,  direct  renin  inhibitors  (DRIs).  This  chapter  reviews  the  first-generation  antihypertensives,  as  well  ACEIs,  ARBs,  and  DRIs.  In  general,  the  majority  of  antihypertensives  manifest  clinical  signs  and  symptoms  in  terms  of  the  degree  of  hypotension  produced.  Particular  attention  will  be  placed  on  mechanisms  of  action  and  unique  toxicologic  considerations  for  each  of  these  xenobiotics.