RT Book, Section A1 Remick, Katherine A1 Gausche-Hill, Marianne A2 Schafermeyer, Robert A2 Tenenbein, Milton A2 Macias, Charles G. A2 Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 Yamamoto, Loren G. SR Print(0) ID 1105684513 T1 Urinary Tract Diseases T2 Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-182926-7 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105684513 RD 2024/03/29 AB Signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) may be nonspecific in young infants, and even older children may not complain of dysuria.In the evaluation of infants and children with fever without a source, up to 7% of patients will be found to have a UTI.Urinary catheterization is the method of choice for obtaining the urine specimen in febrile infants and young children.Presence of bacteria on a Gram stain or nitrites and leukocyte esterase on urine dipstick are highly indicative of a UTI, but urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosis.Greater than 5% of infants younger than 3 months with fever and UTI are bacteremic.Antibiotic choice for UTI must be guided by local resistance patterns and effectiveness against Escherichia Coli.Approximately 90% of renal stones are radiopaque and can be managed medically.Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen without contrast is the test of choice for the evaluation of children with renal stones; however, ultrasound may be used to evaluate children with recurrent renal stones.Recurrence rates of urolithiasis are high in children and require a thorough metabolic evaluation for the cause.