RT Book, Section A1 McCreight, Audra L. A1 Wickiser, Jonathan E. A2 Schafermeyer, Robert A2 Tenenbein, Milton A2 Macias, Charles G. A2 Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 Yamamoto, Loren G. SR Print(0) ID 1105686135 T1 Oncologic Emergencies T2 Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-182926-7 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105686135 RD 2024/10/09 AB Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood and may present with a variety of symptoms including fever, fatigue, bleeding, adenopathy, or bone pain.Most oncologic emergencies arise from metabolic, hematologic, structural, or toxic chemotherapy effects.Findings associated with inflammation may be absent in the neutropenic patient, with fever the only sign of serious infection.Infection may progress rapidly in the neutropenic host; evaluation and initiation of antibiotic therapy must be done urgently.Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) results from the death of tumor cells and release of their intracellular contents leading to hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia.Mediastinal compression from the tumors may result in superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) or superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS), resulting in an airway emergency.